摘要
遊戲是幼兒最喜愛的活動，也是幼兒進行社會交往的主要渠道，對幼兒的身心發展具有重要的價值和意義。但是在遊戲過程中幼兒表現出來並不只是合作、協商、謙讓等親社會性行為，相反，遊戲中幼兒往往會因為種種原因而與同伴間發生衝突。本研究主要以遊戲活動為背景對濟南市某幼兒園幼兒同伴之間的衝突行為及其應對策略進行了兩周的現場觀察，並做了詳細的記錄，將所收集到的案例用定量研究和定性研究相結合的方式進行了全面的分析。從中總結出幼兒遊戲活動中同伴衝突行為的相關特徵以及幼兒同伴衝突解決策略的運用狀況，並分析了影響幼兒衝突解決策略的相關因素。最後，筆者對幼兒教師如何提高幼兒的衝突解決能力提出一些嘗試性建議。
研究發現：
1．就不同遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為的發生狀況而言，大、中、小三個年齡班的同伴衝突行為均集中發生在區域遊戲活動中。
2．就遊戲活動各時間段中衝突行為的發生狀況而言，幼兒的衝突行為集中發生在遊戲的進行階段，開始階段和結束階段的同伴衝突行為相對較少。另外，不同年齡階段的具體分布狀況並不一致。
3．就同伴衝突的性別分布而言，同性別幼兒之間的衝突行為遠遠高於異性別幼兒之間的衝突行為，男性幼兒之間的衝突行為明顯的高於女性幼兒之間的衝突行為。
4．就遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為的起因而言，從總體上看爭搶遊戲資源是引起衝突的主要原因。但是隨著年齡的增長，由爭搶遊戲資源所引起的衝突逐漸減少，而違反遊戲規則和干涉控制他人引發的衝突逐漸增加，遊戲意見分歧、偶然行為和攻擊行為所引發的的衝突有所起伏。
5．就遊戲活動中幼兒解決衝突的策略而言，從總體上看，遊戲活動中幼兒解決同伴衝突的策略主要是中性策略和消極策略。具體來說，大班、中班、小班的第三者介入策略使用率均比較高，協商策略的使用隨著年齡的增長而呈遞增的趨勢，隨著年齡的增長攻擊性策略的使用會逐漸減少，告狀求助策略的使用主要集中在中班和大班，而互不相讓的策略小班幼兒的使用率最高，威脅命令和友好的表情動作使用的均比較少。
關鍵詞：遊戲活動；幼兒同伴衝突；解決策略
Abstract
The game which has an important value and significance to the children's physical andmental development is children's favorite activity,and it is also the main channel for the childrento interact with their companions.There are not only prosocial behavior justlikecooperation ,negotiation and humility .In the process of the game,in fact children's peer conflictis very common for various reasons. Taking the game activity as the background,the author useda natural observation in a kindergarten of Jinan and noted down the conflicts between childrenand their coping strategies. By quantitative and qualitative research methods,the authorcomprehensively analyzed the collected cases and got the relevant characteristics of thechildren's conflicts and their strategies. on this basis,the author summarized the Influence factorsrelated to the strategy of conflict resolution. Finally, the author puts forward some tentativesuggestions to teachers to improve children's ability to solve the conflict .
The research shows that:
1.In terms of the game type which the peer conflicts happened in,this study find that peerconflict behavior of three age classes were concentrated in the regional game.
2.The whole game was divided into three stages,and this study found that the children'sconflicts main happened in the second stage.But there exist differences among different agestages.
3.On the gender distribution,this study found that the conflict happened between the samegender children is much higher than the conflicts happened between the different genderchildren.at the same time male children's conflicts are more higher than the female children'sconflicts.
4.On the causes of conflicts,the author found that in general fighting for the game resourcewas the main reason for the peer conflict,but with the growth of age this kind of conflict wasgradually decreased.the conflicts caused by breaking the role and intervention were crescent.theconflicts caused by different views ,accidental behavior and aggressive behavior have a lot ofups and downs.
5.On the resolution strategies of preschool children's peer conflicts,this study foundthat :children mainly used the neutral strategy and the passive strategy.Specifically,the thirdparty(including the teacher and their peers) intervention strategy is the most common choice atthe three classes.the use of negotiation strategy had increasing trend with the growth of theage.but along with the growth of the age,using of offensive strategy is graduallydecreased.asking for help strategy is mainly used in second and third year classes,but theutilization ratio of competing strategy in the first class is the highest.The threat strategy and thefriendly emotes strategy are not commonly used at the three classes.
Keywords: play activity ,children's peer conflicts ,solution strategyCategory number:G613.7
目錄
摘要
Abstract
緒論
一、選題緣由
二、國內外相關研究的文獻綜述
（一）國內研究綜述
（二）國外研究綜述
三、研究意義
（一）理論意義
（二）實踐意義
四、研究方法
第一章相關概念界定
一、有關衝突的概念
二、幼兒同伴衝突行為的界定
三、同伴衝突解決策略
第二章研究結果與具體分析
一、研究的分析框架
二、分析工具的操作定義
三、遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為事件的統計分析
（一）不同遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為的發生
（二）遊戲活動各時間段中幼兒衝突行為的發生
（三）遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為的性別分布
（四）遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為的起因
（五）遊戲活動中幼兒解決同伴衝突的策略
第三章遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突解決策略的案例分析
一、對幼兒在六種衝突起因背景下解決策略的案例分析
（一）爭搶遊戲資源
（二）違反遊戲規則
（三）遊戲意見分歧
（四）攻擊行為
(六)偶然行為
二、研究結果與分析
（一）幼兒同伴衝突解決策略的基本特徵
（二）遊戲中幼兒衝突解決策略的影響因素
第四章教育建議
一、討論與建議
（一）發揮榜樣作用，對幼兒進行良好社會交往技能的示範教育
（二）以表揚鼓勵的指導方式為主，慎用懲罰
（三）重視培養幼兒的語言和動作交往技能
（四）重視遊戲環境的創設
（五）重視遊戲結束後的討論指導
參考文獻
致謝
遊戲是幼兒最喜愛的活動，也是幼兒進行社會交往的主要渠道，對幼兒的身心發展具有重要的價值和意義。但是在遊戲過程中幼兒表現出來並不只是合作、協商、謙讓等親社會性行為，相反，遊戲中幼兒往往會因為種種原因而與同伴間發生衝突。本研究主要以遊戲活動為背景對濟南市某幼兒園幼兒同伴之間的衝突行為及其應對策略進行了兩周的現場觀察，並做了詳細的記錄，將所收集到的案例用定量研究和定性研究相結合的方式進行了全面的分析。從中總結出幼兒遊戲活動中同伴衝突行為的相關特徵以及幼兒同伴衝突解決策略的運用狀況，並分析了影響幼兒衝突解決策略的相關因素。最後，筆者對幼兒教師如何提高幼兒的衝突解決能力提出一些嘗試性建議。
研究發現：
1．就不同遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為的發生狀況而言，大、中、小三個年齡班的同伴衝突行為均集中發生在區域遊戲活動中。
2．就遊戲活動各時間段中衝突行為的發生狀況而言，幼兒的衝突行為集中發生在遊戲的進行階段，開始階段和結束階段的同伴衝突行為相對較少。另外，不同年齡階段的具體分布狀況並不一致。
3．就同伴衝突的性別分布而言，同性別幼兒之間的衝突行為遠遠高於異性別幼兒之間的衝突行為，男性幼兒之間的衝突行為明顯的高於女性幼兒之間的衝突行為。
4．就遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為的起因而言，從總體上看爭搶遊戲資源是引起衝突的主要原因。但是隨著年齡的增長，由爭搶遊戲資源所引起的衝突逐漸減少，而違反遊戲規則和干涉控制他人引發的衝突逐漸增加，遊戲意見分歧、偶然行為和攻擊行為所引發的的衝突有所起伏。
5．就遊戲活動中幼兒解決衝突的策略而言，從總體上看，遊戲活動中幼兒解決同伴衝突的策略主要是中性策略和消極策略。具體來說，大班、中班、小班的第三者介入策略使用率均比較高，協商策略的使用隨著年齡的增長而呈遞增的趨勢，隨著年齡的增長攻擊性策略的使用會逐漸減少，告狀求助策略的使用主要集中在中班和大班，而互不相讓的策略小班幼兒的使用率最高，威脅命令和友好的表情動作使用的均比較少。
關鍵詞：遊戲活動；幼兒同伴衝突；解決策略
Abstract
The game which has an important value and significance to the children's physical andmental development is children's favorite activity,and it is also the main channel for the childrento interact with their companions.There are not only prosocial behavior justlikecooperation ,negotiation and humility .In the process of the game,in fact children's peer conflictis very common for various reasons. Taking the game activity as the background,the author useda natural observation in a kindergarten of Jinan and noted down the conflicts between childrenand their coping strategies. By quantitative and qualitative research methods,the authorcomprehensively analyzed the collected cases and got the relevant characteristics of thechildren's conflicts and their strategies. on this basis,the author summarized the Influence factorsrelated to the strategy of conflict resolution. Finally, the author puts forward some tentativesuggestions to teachers to improve children's ability to solve the conflict .
The research shows that:
1.In terms of the game type which the peer conflicts happened in,this study find that peerconflict behavior of three age classes were concentrated in the regional game.
2.The whole game was divided into three stages,and this study found that the children'sconflicts main happened in the second stage.But there exist differences among different agestages.
3.On the gender distribution,this study found that the conflict happened between the samegender children is much higher than the conflicts happened between the different genderchildren.at the same time male children's conflicts are more higher than the female children'sconflicts.
4.On the causes of conflicts,the author found that in general fighting for the game resourcewas the main reason for the peer conflict,but with the growth of age this kind of conflict wasgradually decreased.the conflicts caused by breaking the role and intervention were crescent.theconflicts caused by different views ,accidental behavior and aggressive behavior have a lot ofups and downs.
5.On the resolution strategies of preschool children's peer conflicts,this study foundthat :children mainly used the neutral strategy and the passive strategy.Specifically,the thirdparty(including the teacher and their peers) intervention strategy is the most common choice atthe three classes.the use of negotiation strategy had increasing trend with the growth of theage.but along with the growth of the age,using of offensive strategy is graduallydecreased.asking for help strategy is mainly used in second and third year classes,but theutilization ratio of competing strategy in the first class is the highest.The threat strategy and thefriendly emotes strategy are not commonly used at the three classes.
Keywords: play activity ,children's peer conflicts ,solution strategyCategory number:G613.7
目錄
摘要
Abstract
緒論
一、選題緣由
二、國內外相關研究的文獻綜述
（一）國內研究綜述
（二）國外研究綜述
三、研究意義
（一）理論意義
（二）實踐意義
四、研究方法
第一章相關概念界定
一、有關衝突的概念
二、幼兒同伴衝突行為的界定
三、同伴衝突解決策略
第二章研究結果與具體分析
一、研究的分析框架
二、分析工具的操作定義
三、遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為事件的統計分析
（一）不同遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為的發生
（二）遊戲活動各時間段中幼兒衝突行為的發生
（三）遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為的性別分布
（四）遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突行為的起因
（五）遊戲活動中幼兒解決同伴衝突的策略
第三章遊戲活動中幼兒同伴衝突解決策略的案例分析
一、對幼兒在六種衝突起因背景下解決策略的案例分析
（一）爭搶遊戲資源
（二）違反遊戲規則
（三）遊戲意見分歧
（四）攻擊行為
(六)偶然行為
二、研究結果與分析
（一）幼兒同伴衝突解決策略的基本特徵
（二）遊戲中幼兒衝突解決策略的影響因素
第四章教育建議
一、討論與建議
（一）發揮榜樣作用，對幼兒進行良好社會交往技能的示範教育
（二）以表揚鼓勵的指導方式為主，慎用懲罰
（三）重視培養幼兒的語言和動作交往技能
（四）重視遊戲環境的創設
（五）重視遊戲結束後的討論指導
參考文獻
致謝
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