巧辨句子結構和邏輯關係 ,RE填空題輕鬆攻克，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。
巧辨句子結構和邏輯關係 GRE填空題輕鬆攻克
1.分析句子結構
分隔與粘連是主要的重複信息的方式
A. 分隔：句子中對主幹進行修飾或補充的成分
定語從句：that 同位語：that who 「，」 插入語：「，」 分詞結構：分詞 不定式結構：to 介詞短語：介詞
B. 粘連：由分號或冒號分開的上下句結構和一個句子內部的直接簡單重複;大粘連：直接同義重複：並列、因果關係詞
雙重否定與肯定句重複：A;not 非A A;It’s wrong/foolish/presumptuous to say 非A
主動句與被動句重複：is the result of is the outgrowth of is the product of A?B;B?by A
逆否命題重複：A?B;非B?非 A
比較句重複：to the same degree/extent as…as more/less -er better than
手段目的句重複：by for in terms of
特殊並列句重複：包含兩個並列關係從句的句式
時間對比句重複：once formerly initial pristine erstwhile hereto hitherto now futurebefore recent begin start create until no longer previous
比喻句重複：like as
小粘連：and but rather than even as…as so…as to…
2.判斷句子邏輯關係
找出信號詞，判斷句子的並列、轉折關係和正、反態度關係
A. 並列關係：並列 遞進 條件 因果 分號、冒號、破折號
並列：and also or just as similarly correspondingly in the same way indeed accordingly
遞進：even
因果：derive from lead to due to because cause since for therefore thus hence in thatso…that so…as to as a result result in result from accordingly consequently give rise to
B. 讓步、轉折：even though although even…though while whereas but yet howevernevertheless notwithstanding despite in spite of in contrast to on the contrary on theother hand far from rather than whatever otherwise ironically illogically paradoxicallycuriously surprisingly unfortunately although…， remain/continue
分號
C. 的正、反態度：態度語氣詞;在沒有中心詞時，特別要注意靠空格的正、反態度來解題
D. 強烈對比：時間強對比 人物強對比 對象強對比
E. 照應：人稱代詞：it 指示代詞：such this that those these 定冠詞：the
F. 主體詞：主體動詞：continue remain shift from…to oscillate between…and turn…intoreconcile…and… 人物身份名詞 特徵人物的特徵性質或特徵動作
3.定位中心詞
定位與空格對應的詞彙或短語;無中心詞時一般要根據句子邏輯關係兩空格同時做，兩空格相隔很近時一般也要同時做
解題：以上三步是做題的關鍵，體現了解題的思路流程，但並不是每題都必須完成這三步才能解題，這三步分彆強調了解題的不同方面和角度，一般用兩步或三步即可解題。
四種錯誤原因：
A. 邏輯關係弄反
B. 因為句子複雜或含義晦澀， 找不到中心詞
C. 沒有中心詞
D. 選項中的詞義理解不到位
GRE考試精選填空模擬試題及答案解析
60. The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice for a client.
"Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last heating season that region experienced 90 days with below-normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region in response to recent population growth. Because of these trends, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
解析
Step One
文章共4句話，各自的核心意思是：
1、美國東北部大多數家庭用燃油取暖;
2、上個取暖季經歷了90天低於常溫的氣候，以及未來將會持續若干年;
3、此外，因為人口增長，許多新的房屋正在被建造;
4、所以，我們預測燃油需求會增加以及投資C公司，它的業務之一是銷售家庭用燃油。
Step Two
文章的結構是：
1、是背景;
2、3推導出4;
Step Three
尋找邏輯錯誤
a. 數據問題：90天不一定長;
b. 論據含糊：專家預測;
c. 時間外推：許多新房屋也會用燃油取暖;
d. 利潤問題：C公司會很好。
難點總結
本題難點在於：從字面上找到的邏輯錯誤沒法用常規的方式攻擊，需要轉變思路。然而萬變不離其宗，明白邏輯錯誤的原理，合適很容易解決問題的。
GRE考試精選填空模擬試題及答案解析
GRE閱讀題及解析：
The damage that trucks do to highwaysescalates dramatically with the weight borne per axle. New regulations increasethe maximum permitted vehicle weight; these regulations will therefore allowonto the highway trucks capable of doing even more damage than those currentlypermitted.
1. The argument is open up to criticismon the grounds that it
A. fails to establish that the level ofdamage done by trucks is a serious problem
B. omits evidence about one of the tworelevant factors
C. ignores the possibility that carefuldriving can lessen damage to highways
D. presumes that trucks are the onlyvehicles capable of causing substantial damage to highways
E. presumes that something is bound tohappen just because it is allowed to happen
大家注意：該題讓找文章推理最關鍵的漏洞。
文章結構很簡單，說，貨車對高速公路的破壞隨軸載重量的增加而增加。
新規則提高了允許的貨車載重量，所以新規則將允許能對高速公路造成更大傷害的貨車上路。
選哪個呢?
解析
答案：B
解析：相信很多同學選的是E選項。很遺憾，選錯啦!為什麼E選項不對，B選項是正確答案呢?
注意，E選項說，因為某事允許發生所以註定發生，而文章結論就到允許發生的層面，根本沒有對於是否「註定發生」的判斷。千萬注意，「貨車一定會對高速公路造成更大破壞」只是我們的臆想，不是文章的結論呀!
B選項正確，文章推理確實犯了B選項所描述的錯誤：忽略了兩個關鍵因素中的一個。注意，文章說，貨車是否能對高速公路造成破壞的關鍵因素是軸載重量，軸載重量決定於兩個關鍵因素：1 總載重量，2 軸的數量。新規定只是關於總載重量，遺漏了「軸的數量」問題。
GRE考試精選填空模擬試題及答案解析
Remelting old metal cans rather than making primary aluminum from bauxite ore shipped from overseas saves producers millions of dollars in ___ and production costs.
A distribution
B salvage
C storage
D procurement
E research
F purchase
選DF
翻譯：用回收熔鍊金屬罐頭盒取代通過冶煉海外進口鋁土礦的方式來獲得鋁，在獲取原料和生產環節，可為製造商節省數百萬美元。
primary 天然的，從地球表面取得原料製取材料或製成商品的
bauxite 鋁土礦
distribution 分布，散布，分配，流通，排列
salvage 救援，搶救
procurement 獲得，獲取
purchase 掙得，購買
GRE填空題輕鬆攻克相關文章：
1.GRE閱讀遇到不懂的專業術語怎麼辦
2.GRE閱讀高分考生是如何備考的
3.GRE作文之Issue和Argument的區別及技巧
4.GRE閱讀考試攻克難句三原則
5.GRE閱讀備考如何提升長難句理解力
6.GRE閱讀理解掌握特性是關鍵
7.GRE寫作參考書籍整理
巧辨句子結構和邏輯關係 GRE填空題輕鬆攻克
1.分析句子結構
分隔與粘連是主要的重複信息的方式
A. 分隔：句子中對主幹進行修飾或補充的成分
定語從句：that 同位語：that who 「，」 插入語：「，」 分詞結構：分詞 不定式結構：to 介詞短語：介詞
B. 粘連：由分號或冒號分開的上下句結構和一個句子內部的直接簡單重複;大粘連：直接同義重複：並列、因果關係詞
雙重否定與肯定句重複：A;not 非A A;It’s wrong/foolish/presumptuous to say 非A
主動句與被動句重複：is the result of is the outgrowth of is the product of A?B;B?by A
逆否命題重複：A?B;非B?非 A
比較句重複：to the same degree/extent as…as more/less -er better than
手段目的句重複：by for in terms of
特殊並列句重複：包含兩個並列關係從句的句式
時間對比句重複：once formerly initial pristine erstwhile hereto hitherto now futurebefore recent begin start create until no longer previous
比喻句重複：like as
小粘連：and but rather than even as…as so…as to…
2.判斷句子邏輯關係
找出信號詞，判斷句子的並列、轉折關係和正、反態度關係
A. 並列關係：並列 遞進 條件 因果 分號、冒號、破折號
並列：and also or just as similarly correspondingly in the same way indeed accordingly
遞進：even
因果：derive from lead to due to because cause since for therefore thus hence in thatso…that so…as to as a result result in result from accordingly consequently give rise to
B. 讓步、轉折：even though although even…though while whereas but yet howevernevertheless notwithstanding despite in spite of in contrast to on the contrary on theother hand far from rather than whatever otherwise ironically illogically paradoxicallycuriously surprisingly unfortunately although…， remain/continue
分號
C. 的正、反態度：態度語氣詞;在沒有中心詞時，特別要注意靠空格的正、反態度來解題
D. 強烈對比：時間強對比 人物強對比 對象強對比
E. 照應：人稱代詞：it 指示代詞：such this that those these 定冠詞：the
F. 主體詞：主體動詞：continue remain shift from…to oscillate between…and turn…intoreconcile…and… 人物身份名詞 特徵人物的特徵性質或特徵動作
3.定位中心詞
定位與空格對應的詞彙或短語;無中心詞時一般要根據句子邏輯關係兩空格同時做，兩空格相隔很近時一般也要同時做
解題：以上三步是做題的關鍵，體現了解題的思路流程，但並不是每題都必須完成這三步才能解題，這三步分彆強調了解題的不同方面和角度，一般用兩步或三步即可解題。
四種錯誤原因：
A. 邏輯關係弄反
B. 因為句子複雜或含義晦澀， 找不到中心詞
C. 沒有中心詞
D. 選項中的詞義理解不到位
GRE考試精選填空模擬試題及答案解析
60. The following appeared in a letter from a firm providing investment advice for a client.
"Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last heating season that region experienced 90 days with below-normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region in response to recent population growth. Because of these trends, we predict an increased demand for heating oil and recommend investment in Consolidated Industries, one of whose major business operations is the retail sale of home heating oil."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
解析
Step One
文章共4句話，各自的核心意思是：
1、美國東北部大多數家庭用燃油取暖;
2、上個取暖季經歷了90天低於常溫的氣候，以及未來將會持續若干年;
3、此外，因為人口增長，許多新的房屋正在被建造;
4、所以，我們預測燃油需求會增加以及投資C公司，它的業務之一是銷售家庭用燃油。
Step Two
文章的結構是：
1、是背景;
2、3推導出4;
Step Three
尋找邏輯錯誤
a. 數據問題：90天不一定長;
b. 論據含糊：專家預測;
c. 時間外推：許多新房屋也會用燃油取暖;
d. 利潤問題：C公司會很好。
難點總結
本題難點在於：從字面上找到的邏輯錯誤沒法用常規的方式攻擊，需要轉變思路。然而萬變不離其宗，明白邏輯錯誤的原理，合適很容易解決問題的。
GRE考試精選填空模擬試題及答案解析
GRE閱讀題及解析：
The damage that trucks do to highwaysescalates dramatically with the weight borne per axle. New regulations increasethe maximum permitted vehicle weight; these regulations will therefore allowonto the highway trucks capable of doing even more damage than those currentlypermitted.
1. The argument is open up to criticismon the grounds that it
A. fails to establish that the level ofdamage done by trucks is a serious problem
B. omits evidence about one of the tworelevant factors
C. ignores the possibility that carefuldriving can lessen damage to highways
D. presumes that trucks are the onlyvehicles capable of causing substantial damage to highways
E. presumes that something is bound tohappen just because it is allowed to happen
大家注意：該題讓找文章推理最關鍵的漏洞。
文章結構很簡單，說，貨車對高速公路的破壞隨軸載重量的增加而增加。
新規則提高了允許的貨車載重量，所以新規則將允許能對高速公路造成更大傷害的貨車上路。
選哪個呢?
解析
答案：B
解析：相信很多同學選的是E選項。很遺憾，選錯啦!為什麼E選項不對，B選項是正確答案呢?
注意，E選項說，因為某事允許發生所以註定發生，而文章結論就到允許發生的層面，根本沒有對於是否「註定發生」的判斷。千萬注意，「貨車一定會對高速公路造成更大破壞」只是我們的臆想，不是文章的結論呀!
B選項正確，文章推理確實犯了B選項所描述的錯誤：忽略了兩個關鍵因素中的一個。注意，文章說，貨車是否能對高速公路造成破壞的關鍵因素是軸載重量，軸載重量決定於兩個關鍵因素：1 總載重量，2 軸的數量。新規定只是關於總載重量，遺漏了「軸的數量」問題。
GRE考試精選填空模擬試題及答案解析
Remelting old metal cans rather than making primary aluminum from bauxite ore shipped from overseas saves producers millions of dollars in ___ and production costs.
A distribution
B salvage
C storage
D procurement
E research
F purchase
選DF
翻譯：用回收熔鍊金屬罐頭盒取代通過冶煉海外進口鋁土礦的方式來獲得鋁，在獲取原料和生產環節，可為製造商節省數百萬美元。
primary 天然的，從地球表面取得原料製取材料或製成商品的
bauxite 鋁土礦
distribution 分布，散布，分配，流通，排列
salvage 救援，搶救
procurement 獲得，獲取
purchase 掙得，購買
GRE填空題輕鬆攻克相關文章：
1.GRE閱讀遇到不懂的專業術語怎麼辦
2.GRE閱讀高分考生是如何備考的
3.GRE作文之Issue和Argument的區別及技巧
4.GRE閱讀考試攻克難句三原則
5.GRE閱讀備考如何提升長難句理解力
6.GRE閱讀理解掌握特性是關鍵
7.GRE寫作參考書籍整理
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