1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
譯文：那種性別比例能在最大程度上增加一個個體所能擁有的後代數量，並因此能在最大程度上增加所傳遞到後代身上去的基因複製品的數量。
難句類型：倒裝、省略
a本句的正常語序應當是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因為主語That sex ratio之後的以which引導的修飾它的定語從句，如果按照以上語序，則有頭重腳輕之感。所以原文將此長長的從句倒裝成謂語will be favored之後。
b在which引導的從句中，有兩處省略：第一處在maximize的第一個賓語the number of descendants that an individuall will have中， an individuall will have是修飾descendants的定語從句，但是，因為descendants在從句中作have的賓語，所以引導詞that可以省略。第二處省略是在第二個the number of 之前，省略了與前面一樣的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示後面的成分作為前面最大化一個個體的後代的數目的結果。
意群訓練：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
2. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .複雜+倒裝+省略;
照亮現實的慾望，此慾望從來就不會唐突的取代後面的那種慾望，後者是我們可以將其部分的理解為一個兼任小說加和科學家的人想要去準確並具體的記錄下一朵花的結構和文理的那種意義上的慾望。
解釋：本句子的難度在一切GRE、GMAT包括LSAT考試中所出現的難句中堪稱登峰造極，可以確定地講，類似此句子的難度的語言，在計算機考試的現場絕無可能出現。如果對此句話不感興趣，可以把其廢掉不讀。
A、 這句話讀起來彆扭的第一個原因，是因為它根本就不是一個句子。句首省略了this is 。這種用一個詞代替一個句子的方式如果在書面語中出現，只能出現在高級英語中，因此我們以前的英語學習中從未遇到過。其形式類似於我們中文的精彩是這句話真是精彩的省略形式。
B、 desire後跟著兩個大的修飾成分，一個是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒裝到了over reality之後，正常應是throw a light over reality.不過這個便裝部分與throw距離不遠，讀者看得還算懂。關鍵是第二個修飾成分。注意：從that開始直到句尾結束的長長的定語從句不是修飾其前的light的，而是修飾一開始的desire的。
C、 第二個修飾成分中又來了一個倒裝，由於作者為了強調never,所以將其提前，引發了定語從句中的倒裝：正常語序應該是that might never be given away，倒裝後系動詞was被提前，given因為在情態動詞might之後所以變成了原型give。A give way to B，是A讓位於B，而A be given way to B， 則是A取代B。on the part of 之後的部分修飾後面的desire，what引導的從句現場閱讀時可以看成一個名詞。What從句中的不定式to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一個避免頭重腳輕的倒裝，正常語序應該是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。
D、 就算能夠看懂這句話的結構，可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是，哈代，前一種慾望是永遠也不能取代後者的。
意群訓練：A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .
3. Hardys weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.
難句類型：複雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
譯文：哈代的缺陷一方面緣起於他的某種明顯的無能，無法控制好那結不盡相同的創作衝動的穿梭往來;另一方面緣起於他不願意去培養和維持那些富於生機活力和風險性強的創作衝動。
解釋：介詞from的賓語有兩個並列的部分，由and所連接，在and之後的第二個from前，省略了前面一樣的謂語動詞derive。本句之所以難，有兩個原因，一是derived from 後面的成分太長，初學者難以一下子看下來;二是作為一篇文科文章，用詞抽象，難以迅速理解。
意群訓練：Hardys weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.
4. Virginia Woolfs provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining statesof reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.
難句類型：複雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
譯文：維吉尼亞.伍爾夫在創作《黛洛維夫人》時有關其創作意圖的這番發人深思的陳述，迄今為止一貫為文學評論家們所忽略，因為它突出反映了她諸多文學興趣中某一方面，而這一方面則與人們對詩性小說家所形成的傳統見解大相逕庭。所謂的詩性小說家，所關注的是審視想入非非和白日夢幻的諸般狀態，並致力於追尋個體意識的通幽曲徑。
解釋：本句逗號以前只有複雜修飾的長主語有些難，但總的來講比較好懂，since引導的原因狀語從句較難。
A、 since之後的it指前面的statement，highlight的賓語an aspect之後有兩個修飾成分，一個是of her literary interests， 另一個是以that引導的定語從句that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist，都是修飾an aspect的。Novelist後面又有由and 連接的兩個介詞結構concerned with doing 修飾novelist.
B、 句中有兩處省略，一是在her literary interests that is very different from當中，修飾interests的定語從句中引導詞+be that is 一起省略了。第二處在and之後，由於concerned with與前面的concerned with重複，所以concerned被省略。
C、 本句另外一個難懂的地方，就是使用了大量的抽象詞。這是文學市評論題材的文章的一個特點。
Virginia Woolfs provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining statesof reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.
5. As she put it in The Common Reader , It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .
抽象詞、抽象詞組、比喻
就像她在《致普通讀者》一書中所表達的那樣，儘管可以毫無疑問的說，沒有任何法律被指定出來，也沒有任何高樓大廈被建立起來是因為喬叟說了什麼或者寫了什麼;然而，當我們讀它的書的時候，我們身上每一個毛孔都充滿了道德
這句話不但用了詞抽象，還用了比喻的修辭手法。是指沒有因為喬叟的言論而產生任何實際的行為規則或政治機構，但我們受其影響之深，以及其影響力之大。
As she put it in The Common Reader , It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .
6. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .
難句類型：複雜修飾、插入語、專有名詞
譯文：隨著爆發出來的運動的結束，再體液中乳酸含量會變得很高，使得大型動物處於容易受到攻擊的狀態，直到乳酸通過有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉化成葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來又會傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
解釋：本句中修飾成分極多，以分詞修飾和介詞結構修飾為主，作各種類型的狀語。前面的狀語和主句還好理解，從leaving開始句子變難;leaving引導的直到句末的結構來做整個句子的狀語;分詞中又包含了三個狀語，其中的兩個via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入語的作用，把be converted into拆成兩段。
本句的另外一個特徵是其中充斥著專有名詞。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通過字面的意思或者根據詞頭、詞根我們還是應該猜出其意思的，lactic acid, metabolism和muscle這三個詞在生物類文章中極其常用，大家應該背下來;而glycogen這種東西則沒辦法，只能作一個首字母提煉。但是請記住，GRE和GMAT文章中只要出現了這種專有名詞，出題者是一定會在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的詞義解釋清楚的，所以讀者遇到文章中做了解釋的專有名詞，應該力求把解釋看懂。
意群訓練：With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .
7. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
難句類型：插入語
譯文：雖然古特曼承認，由於奴隸買賣而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸的偏愛――在那些奴隸買賣並不頻繁的種植園上被最為顯著地揭示出來――在很大程度上側重於穩定的一夫一妻制。
解釋：本句中插入語的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale wa infrequent, 後半個分句中的主語that slaves preference與系動詞was離得太遠，造成閱讀的困難。
意群訓練：Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
8. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
難句類型：複雜修飾、插入語
譯文：古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩定有助於包括民間傳說、音樂、及宗教表達在內的黑人文化遺產一代一代傳遞下去，因而在維持文化遺產方面也起著至關重要的作用，而對於這種文化遺產，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經歷中予以豐富發展。
解釋：由that引導的賓語從句中，encouraged的賓語the transmission of the Black heritage被同時表示並列和轉折的and so 分開，給讀者造成了閱讀上和理解上的困難。最後一個逗號後面的部分是修飾前面的black heritage的同位語。
意群訓練：Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
9. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
難句類型：複雜修飾、插入語
譯文：古特曼表示，這種對於外部通婚的偏愛很有可能緣起於西部非洲制約著婚姻的規定，儘管這些規定在一個和另一個部落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對近親聯姻的禁止。
解釋：本句有兩個插入語，第一個插入語Gutman suggests割裂了主句的主語和謂語。West African rules後跟著兩個修飾成分，第一個是分詞修飾, 第二個是以which引導的非限定性定語從句，從句中出現了第二個插入語though they differed from one tribal group to another，又割裂了從句引導詞與謂語之間的聯繫。
意群訓練：This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition， can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
難句類型：複雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞
譯文：該社會學家的命題當被應用於針對美國黑人的歧視時，相對而言尚能適用，但他對種族偏見所下的定義――即以種族為基礎的、針對某個群體的消級的先入之見，而該群體在任何特定的種族競爭地區則被普遍認作一種族――可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對加利福尼亞州的中國人以及中世紀的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態度。
解釋：本句長度驚人，插入部分比較長，再加上不乏抽象詞，所以較為難懂，在表示轉折的後半個分鐘中，長長的插入語as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作為主語his definition of racial prejudice的同位語，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語義難以理解，對讀者的詞彙功底要求較高。考試現場如無法讀懂，宜用合理化原則中的取非讀法，but之前的分句說的是其論點對美國黑人的種族歧視是較為管用，轉折後的內容就應該說其理論對華人和猶太人相對無用。
意群訓練：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition， can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
譯文：那種性別比例能在最大程度上增加一個個體所能擁有的後代數量，並因此能在最大程度上增加所傳遞到後代身上去的基因複製品的數量。
難句類型：倒裝、省略
a本句的正常語序應當是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因為主語That sex ratio之後的以which引導的修飾它的定語從句，如果按照以上語序，則有頭重腳輕之感。所以原文將此長長的從句倒裝成謂語will be favored之後。
b在which引導的從句中，有兩處省略：第一處在maximize的第一個賓語the number of descendants that an individuall will have中， an individuall will have是修飾descendants的定語從句，但是，因為descendants在從句中作have的賓語，所以引導詞that可以省略。第二處省略是在第二個the number of 之前，省略了與前面一樣的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示後面的成分作為前面最大化一個個體的後代的數目的結果。
意群訓練：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
2. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .複雜+倒裝+省略;
照亮現實的慾望，此慾望從來就不會唐突的取代後面的那種慾望，後者是我們可以將其部分的理解為一個兼任小說加和科學家的人想要去準確並具體的記錄下一朵花的結構和文理的那種意義上的慾望。
解釋：本句子的難度在一切GRE、GMAT包括LSAT考試中所出現的難句中堪稱登峰造極，可以確定地講，類似此句子的難度的語言，在計算機考試的現場絕無可能出現。如果對此句話不感興趣，可以把其廢掉不讀。
A、 這句話讀起來彆扭的第一個原因，是因為它根本就不是一個句子。句首省略了this is 。這種用一個詞代替一個句子的方式如果在書面語中出現，只能出現在高級英語中，因此我們以前的英語學習中從未遇到過。其形式類似於我們中文的精彩是這句話真是精彩的省略形式。
B、 desire後跟著兩個大的修飾成分，一個是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒裝到了over reality之後，正常應是throw a light over reality.不過這個便裝部分與throw距離不遠，讀者看得還算懂。關鍵是第二個修飾成分。注意：從that開始直到句尾結束的長長的定語從句不是修飾其前的light的，而是修飾一開始的desire的。
C、 第二個修飾成分中又來了一個倒裝，由於作者為了強調never,所以將其提前，引發了定語從句中的倒裝：正常語序應該是that might never be given away，倒裝後系動詞was被提前，given因為在情態動詞might之後所以變成了原型give。A give way to B，是A讓位於B，而A be given way to B， 則是A取代B。on the part of 之後的部分修飾後面的desire，what引導的從句現場閱讀時可以看成一個名詞。What從句中的不定式to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一個避免頭重腳輕的倒裝，正常語序應該是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。
D、 就算能夠看懂這句話的結構，可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是，哈代，前一種慾望是永遠也不能取代後者的。
意群訓練：A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .
3. Hardys weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.
難句類型：複雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
譯文：哈代的缺陷一方面緣起於他的某種明顯的無能，無法控制好那結不盡相同的創作衝動的穿梭往來;另一方面緣起於他不願意去培養和維持那些富於生機活力和風險性強的創作衝動。
解釋：介詞from的賓語有兩個並列的部分，由and所連接，在and之後的第二個from前，省略了前面一樣的謂語動詞derive。本句之所以難，有兩個原因，一是derived from 後面的成分太長，初學者難以一下子看下來;二是作為一篇文科文章，用詞抽象，難以迅速理解。
意群訓練：Hardys weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.
4. Virginia Woolfs provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining statesof reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.
難句類型：複雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
譯文：維吉尼亞.伍爾夫在創作《黛洛維夫人》時有關其創作意圖的這番發人深思的陳述，迄今為止一貫為文學評論家們所忽略，因為它突出反映了她諸多文學興趣中某一方面，而這一方面則與人們對詩性小說家所形成的傳統見解大相逕庭。所謂的詩性小說家，所關注的是審視想入非非和白日夢幻的諸般狀態，並致力於追尋個體意識的通幽曲徑。
解釋：本句逗號以前只有複雜修飾的長主語有些難，但總的來講比較好懂，since引導的原因狀語從句較難。
A、 since之後的it指前面的statement，highlight的賓語an aspect之後有兩個修飾成分，一個是of her literary interests， 另一個是以that引導的定語從句that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist，都是修飾an aspect的。Novelist後面又有由and 連接的兩個介詞結構concerned with doing 修飾novelist.
B、 句中有兩處省略，一是在her literary interests that is very different from當中，修飾interests的定語從句中引導詞+be that is 一起省略了。第二處在and之後，由於concerned with與前面的concerned with重複，所以concerned被省略。
C、 本句另外一個難懂的地方，就是使用了大量的抽象詞。這是文學市評論題材的文章的一個特點。
Virginia Woolfs provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining statesof reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.
5. As she put it in The Common Reader , It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .
抽象詞、抽象詞組、比喻
就像她在《致普通讀者》一書中所表達的那樣，儘管可以毫無疑問的說，沒有任何法律被指定出來，也沒有任何高樓大廈被建立起來是因為喬叟說了什麼或者寫了什麼;然而，當我們讀它的書的時候，我們身上每一個毛孔都充滿了道德
這句話不但用了詞抽象，還用了比喻的修辭手法。是指沒有因為喬叟的言論而產生任何實際的行為規則或政治機構，但我們受其影響之深，以及其影響力之大。
As she put it in The Common Reader , It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .
6. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .
難句類型：複雜修飾、插入語、專有名詞
譯文：隨著爆發出來的運動的結束，再體液中乳酸含量會變得很高，使得大型動物處於容易受到攻擊的狀態，直到乳酸通過有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉化成葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來又會傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
解釋：本句中修飾成分極多，以分詞修飾和介詞結構修飾為主，作各種類型的狀語。前面的狀語和主句還好理解，從leaving開始句子變難;leaving引導的直到句末的結構來做整個句子的狀語;分詞中又包含了三個狀語，其中的兩個via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入語的作用，把be converted into拆成兩段。
本句的另外一個特徵是其中充斥著專有名詞。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通過字面的意思或者根據詞頭、詞根我們還是應該猜出其意思的，lactic acid, metabolism和muscle這三個詞在生物類文章中極其常用，大家應該背下來;而glycogen這種東西則沒辦法，只能作一個首字母提煉。但是請記住，GRE和GMAT文章中只要出現了這種專有名詞，出題者是一定會在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的詞義解釋清楚的，所以讀者遇到文章中做了解釋的專有名詞，應該力求把解釋看懂。
意群訓練：With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .
7. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
難句類型：插入語
譯文：雖然古特曼承認，由於奴隸買賣而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸的偏愛――在那些奴隸買賣並不頻繁的種植園上被最為顯著地揭示出來――在很大程度上側重於穩定的一夫一妻制。
解釋：本句中插入語的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale wa infrequent, 後半個分句中的主語that slaves preference與系動詞was離得太遠，造成閱讀的困難。
意群訓練：Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
8. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
難句類型：複雜修飾、插入語
譯文：古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩定有助於包括民間傳說、音樂、及宗教表達在內的黑人文化遺產一代一代傳遞下去，因而在維持文化遺產方面也起著至關重要的作用，而對於這種文化遺產，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經歷中予以豐富發展。
解釋：由that引導的賓語從句中，encouraged的賓語the transmission of the Black heritage被同時表示並列和轉折的and so 分開，給讀者造成了閱讀上和理解上的困難。最後一個逗號後面的部分是修飾前面的black heritage的同位語。
意群訓練：Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
9. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
難句類型：複雜修飾、插入語
譯文：古特曼表示，這種對於外部通婚的偏愛很有可能緣起於西部非洲制約著婚姻的規定，儘管這些規定在一個和另一個部落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對近親聯姻的禁止。
解釋：本句有兩個插入語，第一個插入語Gutman suggests割裂了主句的主語和謂語。West African rules後跟著兩個修飾成分，第一個是分詞修飾, 第二個是以which引導的非限定性定語從句，從句中出現了第二個插入語though they differed from one tribal group to another，又割裂了從句引導詞與謂語之間的聯繫。
意群訓練：This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition， can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
難句類型：複雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞
譯文：該社會學家的命題當被應用於針對美國黑人的歧視時，相對而言尚能適用，但他對種族偏見所下的定義――即以種族為基礎的、針對某個群體的消級的先入之見，而該群體在任何特定的種族競爭地區則被普遍認作一種族――可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對加利福尼亞州的中國人以及中世紀的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態度。
解釋：本句長度驚人，插入部分比較長，再加上不乏抽象詞，所以較為難懂，在表示轉折的後半個分鐘中，長長的插入語as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作為主語his definition of racial prejudice的同位語，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語義難以理解，對讀者的詞彙功底要求較高。考試現場如無法讀懂，宜用合理化原則中的取非讀法，but之前的分句說的是其論點對美國黑人的種族歧視是較為管用，轉折後的內容就應該說其理論對華人和猶太人相對無用。
意群訓練：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition， can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
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