1.The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself comeinto being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that thatcommunity perceives as essential.
一個社會所創造出來藉以使其自身生生不息、恆久不衰的方法得以形成產生，以保存在這個社會看來具有本質意義的文化遺產的各個方面。
2.Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to asthey are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above，compensated for the ensuing loss ofpollen through happen stance by virtue of producing an amount of pollenthat is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.
由於花粉粒在其長距離的運輸過程中所要面臨的潛在危險是巨大的，按上述觀點來看，由風授粉的植物補償了通過偶發事件而伴隨造成的花粉損失。其途徑是，製造出大於昆蟲授粉的植物種類所產生的花粉量的一至三個數量級的花粉量。
3.For example，the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes onovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs ofconifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cones surfaces，there by passing airbornepollen from one scale to the next.
例如，帶有胚珠的松球的鱗苞綜合體的螺旋狀安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，對於氣流模式的形成與產生殊為重要，而這些氣流模式在松球的表現盤旋上升，從而把在空氣中飛行的花粉從一個鱗苞傳播至下一個鱗苞。
4.It was not the change in office technology，but rather the separationof secretarial work，previously seen as an apprenticeship forbeginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880s createda new class of dead-end jobs，thenceforth considered womens work.
十九世紀八十年代，產生了新的一類沒前途的職業，這並不是因為辦公室技術發生了改變，而是由於秘書工作在此之前被視作是初起步的經理們的一種習見訓練與行政工作的分離。自此以後，這類沒前途的職業便被視作是女人的工作。
5.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outsidethe home in the twentieth century had less to do with themechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for thesewomen than it did with their own economic necessity and with highmarriage rates that shrank the available pool of single womenworkers，previously，in many cases，the only women employers would hire.
二十世紀已婚婦女在家庭以外就業的人數不斷增加，這與家務的機械化及這些婦女閒暇時間的增加並無多大聯繫，更多地是與婦女自身的經濟需要和高婚姻率相關。高婚姻率致使所能僱傭的單身女工的總量縮減，而在此之前的許多情形中，單身女性則是僱主們所願僱傭的唯一-一類婦女。
6.In order to understand the nature of the ecologistsinvestigation，we may think of the density-dependent effects on growthparameters as the signal ecologists are trying to isolateandinterpret，one that tends to make the population increase fromrelatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while thedensity-independent effects act to produce noise in the populationdynamics.
為了能理解生態學家們所從事的研究的性質，我們可以把那些作用於增長參數的密度依賴效應視作生態學家們力圖將其分離並予以解釋的信號，正是這一信號傾向於使種群從相對較低的數值遞增，或從相對較高的數值遞減;而與此同時，那些密度獨立效應起到的作用則構成了種群動態變化中的噪音。
一個社會所創造出來藉以使其自身生生不息、恆久不衰的方法得以形成產生，以保存在這個社會看來具有本質意義的文化遺產的各個方面。
2.Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to asthey are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above，compensated for the ensuing loss ofpollen through happen stance by virtue of producing an amount of pollenthat is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.
由於花粉粒在其長距離的運輸過程中所要面臨的潛在危險是巨大的，按上述觀點來看，由風授粉的植物補償了通過偶發事件而伴隨造成的花粉損失。其途徑是，製造出大於昆蟲授粉的植物種類所產生的花粉量的一至三個數量級的花粉量。
3.For example，the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes onovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs ofconifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cones surfaces，there by passing airbornepollen from one scale to the next.
例如，帶有胚珠的松球的鱗苞綜合體的螺旋狀安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，對於氣流模式的形成與產生殊為重要，而這些氣流模式在松球的表現盤旋上升，從而把在空氣中飛行的花粉從一個鱗苞傳播至下一個鱗苞。
4.It was not the change in office technology，but rather the separationof secretarial work，previously seen as an apprenticeship forbeginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880s createda new class of dead-end jobs，thenceforth considered womens work.
十九世紀八十年代，產生了新的一類沒前途的職業，這並不是因為辦公室技術發生了改變，而是由於秘書工作在此之前被視作是初起步的經理們的一種習見訓練與行政工作的分離。自此以後，這類沒前途的職業便被視作是女人的工作。
5.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outsidethe home in the twentieth century had less to do with themechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for thesewomen than it did with their own economic necessity and with highmarriage rates that shrank the available pool of single womenworkers，previously，in many cases，the only women employers would hire.
二十世紀已婚婦女在家庭以外就業的人數不斷增加，這與家務的機械化及這些婦女閒暇時間的增加並無多大聯繫，更多地是與婦女自身的經濟需要和高婚姻率相關。高婚姻率致使所能僱傭的單身女工的總量縮減，而在此之前的許多情形中，單身女性則是僱主們所願僱傭的唯一-一類婦女。
6.In order to understand the nature of the ecologistsinvestigation，we may think of the density-dependent effects on growthparameters as the signal ecologists are trying to isolateandinterpret，one that tends to make the population increase fromrelatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while thedensity-independent effects act to produce noise in the populationdynamics.
為了能理解生態學家們所從事的研究的性質，我們可以把那些作用於增長參數的密度依賴效應視作生態學家們力圖將其分離並予以解釋的信號，正是這一信號傾向於使種群從相對較低的數值遞增，或從相對較高的數值遞減;而與此同時，那些密度獨立效應起到的作用則構成了種群動態變化中的噪音。
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