The American economic system is organized around a basically privateenterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can he expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up anal some consumers will be eliminated from the market, If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost. this will tend to increase the supply offered by sellerproducers, which in tum will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
參考譯文
美國經濟體制基本上是圍繞著私營企業、市場經濟建立起不的。在這種經濟體制下，消費者把錢花費在他們最希望獲得的產品和服務上，因而在很大程度上決定了應當生產什麼。私營業主為了追求利潤，同其他業主展開競爭，生產這些產品、提供這些服務。在競爭壓力下進行經營，牟利動機將在很大程度上決定如何生產和提供這些產品和服務。因此，在美國的經濟體系中，應當生產什麼以及怎樣利用資源來生產這些產品。是由個體消費者的需求加上商人追求利潤最大化的慾望和個人追求收入效益最大的慾望共同決定的。
市場經濟的一個重要要求就是能夠讓消費者表達需求並促使生產者對消費者需求做出反應的機制。在美國經濟中，這種機制是通過價格體系來實現的。在該價格體系下，價格隨消費者的需求以及供應商的供應情況上下漲跌。如果產品供不應求，價格就會上漲，一些消費者就會被排擠出市場。而另外一方面，如果大量生產某產品導致成本下降，供應商就會傾向擴大產品供應，這反過來又會降低產品價格，從而讓更多的消費者購買到產品。這樣，價格就成為美國經濟體系中的調節槓桿。
私營經濟的一個重要要素是個人可以擁有生產資料，他們可以雇用勞動力，支配自然資源，通過生產產品、提供服務來贏利。在美國經濟體系中，私人財產的概念不僅包括生產資料的所有權，也包含某些權利，其中包括決定產品價格或同其他私人企業自由簽訂協議的權利。
測試題
1.According to the first paragraph, in America, individuals_______________.
A) are never satisfied with their incomes
B) tend to overstate their incomes
C) want to have their incomes increased
D) want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes
2.It is implied in the first two sentences in the second paragraph that__________.
A) consumers can be satisfied by mechanized production
B) producers are the means through which consumers express their demands
C) the price of products are decided by producers
D) prices are regulated by supply and demand
3.According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is featured by______。
A) private property and rights concerned
B) manpower and natural resources control
C) ownership of productive re:sources
D) free contracts and prices
4.We can learn from the passage that in market-oriented economy________.
A) consumers are the only factor to determine what shall be produced
B) how goods and services are produced is mainly conducted by the profit mottve
C) the American economic system is exactly a market-oriented economy
D) businessmen can produce more goods Ln order to earn more profits
5.Which of the following can be the BEST title of the passage?
A) How American Goods Are Produced?
B) How American Consumers Buy Their Goods?
C) How American Economic System Works?
D) How American Businessmen Make Their Prorits7
答案詳解
1.根據文章第一段，在美國，個人______________。
A)對其收入永遠不滿足 B)趨向於誇大其收入
C)希望增加其收入 D)希望增大其收入的購買力
文章首段末句提到，消費者個體的需求，加上企業主獲取最大利潤的慾望和個人追求收入效益最大化的慾望，共同決定 。句中individuals to maximize their incomes指的是 個人追求收入效益最大化 因此選項D為本題答案。
2.第二段前兩句話暗示了____________。
A)機械化生產能移滿足消費者的需求
B)生產者是消費者賴以表達需求的途徑
C)產品的價格由生產者決定
D)價格由供求關係調控
第2段前兩句話提到，市場經濟的一個重要組成因素就是反映消贊者需求並促使生產者對消費者需求做出反應的機制。在美國經濟中，這種機制是通過價格體系來實現的。在該價格體系下，價格隨消費者的需求以及銷售者 生產者的供應情況上下漲跌。結合這兩句可知，價格是由供求關係調控的，因此選項D為本題答案。
3.根據文章，私營企業經濟的特點是__________。
A)關心私有財產和權利 B)控制勞動力和自然資源
C)生產資料的所有權 D)自由合同和價格
文章末段首句講到私營經濟的一個重要組成因素是個人可以擁有私人財產，接著第2句又說私人財產的概念不僅包括生產資料的所有權，也包含某些權利。由此可知，選項A正確。
4.我們，文中可以得出，在市場經濟中___________。
A)消費者是決定生產何種產品的唯一因素。
B)商品和服務是如何生成的主要由謀利動機引導。
C)美國的經濟系統完全是市場導向型經濟。
D)商人可以生產更多商品來獲得更多利潤。
首段第2句中的第2個分句提到，在競爭壓力下進行經營的牟利動機，將在很大程度上決定如何生產和提供消費者最希望獲得的產品和服務。也就是說，產品和服務是如何提供的主要由牟利動機決定，故選項B正確。
5.下列哪項作為文章標題最佳?
A)美國的商品是如何生產的? B)美國的消費者是怎樣購買商品的?
C)美國的經濟系統是如何運作的? D)美國的商人是怎樣獲得利潤的?
文章標題應該體現文章的主旨，文章第1段就指出美國經濟體制基本上是圍繞著私營企業，市場經濟建立起來的。第2、3段分別說明了市場經濟和私營經濟的一個重要組成因素，由此可以推斷文章的主旨是美國的經濟系統是如何運作的，故選項C正確。
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can he expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up anal some consumers will be eliminated from the market, If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost. this will tend to increase the supply offered by sellerproducers, which in tum will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy,the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
參考譯文
美國經濟體制基本上是圍繞著私營企業、市場經濟建立起不的。在這種經濟體制下，消費者把錢花費在他們最希望獲得的產品和服務上，因而在很大程度上決定了應當生產什麼。私營業主為了追求利潤，同其他業主展開競爭，生產這些產品、提供這些服務。在競爭壓力下進行經營，牟利動機將在很大程度上決定如何生產和提供這些產品和服務。因此，在美國的經濟體系中，應當生產什麼以及怎樣利用資源來生產這些產品。是由個體消費者的需求加上商人追求利潤最大化的慾望和個人追求收入效益最大的慾望共同決定的。
市場經濟的一個重要要求就是能夠讓消費者表達需求並促使生產者對消費者需求做出反應的機制。在美國經濟中，這種機制是通過價格體系來實現的。在該價格體系下，價格隨消費者的需求以及供應商的供應情況上下漲跌。如果產品供不應求，價格就會上漲，一些消費者就會被排擠出市場。而另外一方面，如果大量生產某產品導致成本下降，供應商就會傾向擴大產品供應，這反過來又會降低產品價格，從而讓更多的消費者購買到產品。這樣，價格就成為美國經濟體系中的調節槓桿。
私營經濟的一個重要要素是個人可以擁有生產資料，他們可以雇用勞動力，支配自然資源，通過生產產品、提供服務來贏利。在美國經濟體系中，私人財產的概念不僅包括生產資料的所有權，也包含某些權利，其中包括決定產品價格或同其他私人企業自由簽訂協議的權利。
測試題
1.According to the first paragraph, in America, individuals_______________.
A) are never satisfied with their incomes
B) tend to overstate their incomes
C) want to have their incomes increased
D) want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes
2.It is implied in the first two sentences in the second paragraph that__________.
A) consumers can be satisfied by mechanized production
B) producers are the means through which consumers express their demands
C) the price of products are decided by producers
D) prices are regulated by supply and demand
3.According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is featured by______。
A) private property and rights concerned
B) manpower and natural resources control
C) ownership of productive re:sources
D) free contracts and prices
4.We can learn from the passage that in market-oriented economy________.
A) consumers are the only factor to determine what shall be produced
B) how goods and services are produced is mainly conducted by the profit mottve
C) the American economic system is exactly a market-oriented economy
D) businessmen can produce more goods Ln order to earn more profits
5.Which of the following can be the BEST title of the passage?
A) How American Goods Are Produced?
B) How American Consumers Buy Their Goods?
C) How American Economic System Works?
D) How American Businessmen Make Their Prorits7
答案詳解
1.根據文章第一段，在美國，個人______________。
A)對其收入永遠不滿足 B)趨向於誇大其收入
C)希望增加其收入 D)希望增大其收入的購買力
文章首段末句提到，消費者個體的需求，加上企業主獲取最大利潤的慾望和個人追求收入效益最大化的慾望，共同決定 。句中individuals to maximize their incomes指的是 個人追求收入效益最大化 因此選項D為本題答案。
2.第二段前兩句話暗示了____________。
A)機械化生產能移滿足消費者的需求
B)生產者是消費者賴以表達需求的途徑
C)產品的價格由生產者決定
D)價格由供求關係調控
第2段前兩句話提到，市場經濟的一個重要組成因素就是反映消贊者需求並促使生產者對消費者需求做出反應的機制。在美國經濟中，這種機制是通過價格體系來實現的。在該價格體系下，價格隨消費者的需求以及銷售者 生產者的供應情況上下漲跌。結合這兩句可知，價格是由供求關係調控的，因此選項D為本題答案。
3.根據文章，私營企業經濟的特點是__________。
A)關心私有財產和權利 B)控制勞動力和自然資源
C)生產資料的所有權 D)自由合同和價格
文章末段首句講到私營經濟的一個重要組成因素是個人可以擁有私人財產，接著第2句又說私人財產的概念不僅包括生產資料的所有權，也包含某些權利。由此可知，選項A正確。
4.我們，文中可以得出，在市場經濟中___________。
A)消費者是決定生產何種產品的唯一因素。
B)商品和服務是如何生成的主要由謀利動機引導。
C)美國的經濟系統完全是市場導向型經濟。
D)商人可以生產更多商品來獲得更多利潤。
首段第2句中的第2個分句提到，在競爭壓力下進行經營的牟利動機，將在很大程度上決定如何生產和提供消費者最希望獲得的產品和服務。也就是說，產品和服務是如何提供的主要由牟利動機決定，故選項B正確。
5.下列哪項作為文章標題最佳?
A)美國的商品是如何生產的? B)美國的消費者是怎樣購買商品的?
C)美國的經濟系統是如何運作的? D)美國的商人是怎樣獲得利潤的?
文章標題應該體現文章的主旨，文章第1段就指出美國經濟體制基本上是圍繞著私營企業，市場經濟建立起來的。第2、3段分別說明了市場經濟和私營經濟的一個重要組成因素，由此可以推斷文章的主旨是美國的經濟系統是如何運作的，故選項C正確。
收藏