靜網PWA視頻評論

should的具體用法

2023年08月26日

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在英語語法的學習中,should也是高頻詞彙之一,那麼關於should的具體用法是什麼呢?下面進行詳細講解:
一 . should 作為助動詞 shall 的過去式,可以在間接引語中與第一人稱主語搭配,表示過去將來時間。例如:
The group leader announced that we should begin to work soon.
小組長宣布:我們不久就開始工作。
A week ago, I told him that I should go to Beijing the next day.
一個星期以前,我告訴他我第二天就去北京。
二 . should 作為情態動詞,通常用來表示現在或將來的責任或義務,譯作應該、應當,這時它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互換使用。例如:
You should complete your test in time.
你們應該按時做完你們的實驗。
You should tell your mother about it at once.
你應該立即把此事告訴你媽媽。
In sum, theory should be combined with practice.
總之,理論應該與實驗相結合。
三 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用在條件狀語從句中,表示語氣較強的假設,譯作萬一、竟然,這時也可將 should 置於從句之首,即將 should 放在主語前面,而省略從屬連詞 if .例如:
If you should fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. 萬一你來不了,就叫陳夫人代替你。
If anyone should come, say I am not at home. 萬一有人來訪,就說我不在家。
If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go.
萬一明天天下雨,我就不去了。
四 . should 作為情態動詞,可以表示謙遜、客氣、委婉之意,譯為可、倒。例如:
I should say that it would be better to try it again.
我倒是認為最好再試一試。
You are mistaken, I should say. 據我看,你搞錯了。
He should expect their basketball team to win the match.
他倒是希望他們的籃球隊贏得這場比賽的勝利。
Should you like some tea ? 你可喜歡喝茶?
五 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用來表示意外、驚喜或者在說話人看來是不可思議的。尤其在以 why, who, how 等開頭的修辭疑問句或某些感嘆句中常常譯為竟會、居然。例如:
How should I know it ? 我怎麼會知道這件事?
Why should you be so late today ? 你今天怎麼來得這麼晚?
When I went out, whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li ! 當我出去時,想不到竟會碰見我的老朋友小李!
I don't see any reason why he shouldn't be happy.
我不明白為什麼他居然不愉快。
六 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用來表示有較大可能實現的猜測、推論,通常譯為可能、總該吧,相當於 be expected to .例如:
They should be home by now, I think. 我想現在他們總該到家了吧。
The report was written after a careful investigation, so it should be reliable.
這份報告是經過周密調查後才寫成的,所以應該是可靠的。
七 . should 作為情態動詞,用在由 so that, for fear that, lest 引導的目的狀語從句和 in case 引導的條件狀語從句中,有能夠、可能、會之意。例如:
They got up early so that they should catch the first bus in time.
他們起得很早以便能及時趕上頭班公交車。
He is working hared for fear that he should fall behind others.
他努力工作,唯恐落在別人後面。
We went over the document again and again lest we should miss any of the main points.
我們把文件看了一遍又一遍,唯恐忽略了其中的什麼要點。
He took an umbrella in case it should rain.
他帶了一把雨傘,以防天下雨。
八 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用於下列虛擬語氣句中:
1. 用在表示與將來事實相反的條件狀語從句中,構成 If should , would/ could/ might 句式。例如:
If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
如果明天天下雨,運動會就會延期舉行。
2. 用在 suggest , arrange, plan, decide,, advise, order, demand, request, desire, insist 等表示建議、要求、命令、決定、安排、計劃、主張的動詞後面接的賓語從句中。這裡的 should 也可以省略。例如:
He suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they read the rules carefully.
他建議 / 提議 / 要求 / 勸告他們要仔細閱讀這些規則。
The doctor ordered that she stay in bed for another week.
醫生囑咐她再臥床休息一個星期。
He insisted that we take up the matter at the meeting.
他堅持要我們在會上提出這個問題。
3. 用在 It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided 之後由 that 引導的主語從句中, should 也可以省略。例如:
It is requested that Miss Yang give a performance at the party.
人們要求楊小姐在聚會上表演一個節目。
It has been arranged that they leave the following week.
已經安排讓他們下星期動身。
It has been decided that the meeting be postponed till next Saturday.
已經決定會議推遲到下周六舉行。
4. 用在 suggestion, motion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, request, decision, requiry 等名詞後面接的表語從句或同位語從句中, should 也可以省略。例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion that we go to Nanjing for a visit.
我們都同意他提出的要我們到南京去遊覽的建議。
My idea/ motion/ advice/ is that we do more eye exercises every day.
我的意見是我們每天應該多做眼保健操。
5. 用在 It is / was necessary/ important/ strange/ incredible 或 It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder 之後由 that 引導的主語從句中, should 有應該、必須、竟然、居然之意。例如:
It is necessary that he be sent there at once. 有必要馬上派他到那裡去。
It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly.
真奇怪,這個輪子竟然轉動得如此之慢。
It is a great pity/ shame/ that he should be so conceited.
真遺憾,他竟會這樣自高自大。
九 . should have + - ed 分詞結構用來表達下述意義:
1. 表示應該已經,本來應該,即過去該做某事但實際沒有做,其否定式 shouldn't have + - ed 分詞意為本來不應該。例如:
These cells should have been kept in somedry places. 這些電池本來應該放在乾燥的地方。
You shouldn't have dept those cells in the damp place. 你本來不該把那些電池放在潮濕的地方。
2. 表示應該已經,大概已經,即對過去情況的推測。例如:
They left at nine, so they should have arrived home by now.
他們是九點鐘走的,現在應該已經到家了。
They should have finished their work, for they began to do it so early.
他們很早就開始工作,現在大概已經幹完了。
3. 意為竟然已經,居然已經,即表示說話人對已經出現的事態感到驚奇、驚喜、懷疑。例如:
I'm surprised that he should have been so foolish. 我很奇怪,他竟然會這麼傻。
I'm amazed that Mr Harris should have said nothing about the matter.
這件事,哈里斯先生竟然隻字未提,對此我大為驚異。
It is wonderful that you should have achieved so much these years.
這幾年你竟然取得如此大的成就,你真了不起。
此外, should 還可以出現在 should be doing sth 或 should have been doing sth 等句式中,表示應該正在或表示說話人的某種不滿情緒。例如:
Why should we be sitting here doing nothing? 我們幹嘛坐在這裡閒著?
You should be wearing a mask. 你應當戴著口罩。
She shouldn't be working like that. She is still so weak.
她不應當那樣干。她身體還很虛弱。
You should have been waiting for us. Why haven't you? 你應當等著我們的。怎麼沒有等?

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