靜網PWA視頻評論

英語講義【110】帶雙賓語的動詞

2023年08月26日

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  在《及物動詞不需要介詞》一文中,談到及物動詞不需要通過介詞引進賓語。但是,當及物動詞有兩個賓語時,有些無須介詞,有些則需要。
  兩個賓路都無須介詞的動詞包括下列這些: 
① Please show me the letter.
② Can you buy me a meal?
③ I will give you the latest newsletter.
④ John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.
  在①-④這樣的句子裡,有個直接賓語,也有個間接賓語。前者一定是物、後者一定是人。它們之間不需要介詞作橋樑。另一些雙賓語的動詞,就需要介詞的幫助了。關於這點,可以分四方面來談。
  Ⅰ.兩個賓語可通過不同介詞對換位置,如:
  ①a. The boss entrusted him with the job.
 b. The boss entrusted the job to him.
  ②a. He tried to impress the new idea on us.
 b. He tried to impress us with the new idea.
  ③a. A general should inspire his soldiers with great courage.
 b. A general should inspire great courage in his soldiers.
  Ⅱ.不同介詞,不同意思,如:
  ④a. Who introduced John to you?
 b. Who introduced John into the new office?
  ⑤a. We warned him of the hazard.
 b. We warned him against the hazard.
(a. 指存在的危險;b. 指可能的危險)
  ⑥a. When compared with each other, there are differences between the twins.
 b. We may compare the heart to a pump.
(a. 指同類人或物對比;b.指兩樣不同東西互相比擬)
  ⑦a. Helen was disappointed of the prize.
 b. Helen was disappointed in the prize.
(a. 指沒得獎而失望;b. 指對所得的獎不滿而失望)
  ⑧a. The cake is allied to the flour.
 b. Is Taiwan allied with America?
(a.指兩樣東西有關聯;b. 指兩個國家有聯盟關係)
  Ⅲ.兩個賓語與介詞各就各位,固定不變,如:
  ⑨ The police cautioned the tourists of the danger ahead.(警惕) ⑩ Can a doctor cure June of her chronic illness?(醫治)
  ● The company has to compensate its staff for their losses.(彌補)
● No one can deprive a citizen of his human right.(剝奪)
  Ⅳ.以返身代詞為賓語的慣用語,如:   ● I hope you will avail yourself of the golden opportunity. (利用)
● My friends often pride themselves on their rare achievements.(以自豪)
● Jill knows how to insinuate herself into her bosss favour.(向獻媚取寵)
● We look down on those ingratiating themselves with their superiors.(討好)
  

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