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名師指點:中考英語使用There be句型要注意的問題

2023年08月26日

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  There be句型的基本用法是表示某地存在有某人,而並非某地擁有什麼東西,其形式為There be+代詞或名詞+地點/時間狀語。這裡there是引導詞,沒有詞義,be是謂語動詞,代詞或名詞是主語。be要與主語保持人稱和數的一致。否定句是在be後加not;一般疑問句是將be放在句首;反意疑問句中的簡短問句是由be+there構成。例如:
  1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
  
  2.There aren't two chairs and a desk in the room.
  3.Is there anything wrong with your ears?
  4.There wasn't a meeting yesterday,was there?
  除此之外,還有一個重要句式有某人在做某事,要用There be+sb.+doing sth.+地點/時間狀語。例如:
  There are several children swimming in the river.河裡有幾個孩子在游泳。
  不難看出,各種時態的變化是通過be動詞的變化來體現的。我們在使用過程中,首要的問題是弄清楚There be與have所表示的意義。There be句型表示存在關係,have表示所屬關係,兩者不能混合在一個句子中。
  例如:我們要說明天有一個班會。
  There will have a class meeting tomorrow.There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.
  有時候既表示存在又表示所屬時,兩種都可以用。
  例如:Class Three have a map of China on the wall.
  There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.
  由此看來,There will have是錯誤的搭配方式。
  使用There be句型時除了掌握基礎知識外,還應注意以下問題:
  1.There be句型的考查更多的是將be動詞與主語結合在一起進行的,即主謂的一致性。
  例如:There is _____ on the floor.
  There are _____ on the floor.
  選項:A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football
  解析:由is可知主語應是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞,而A、D項中都缺少冠詞a,故選B,同理可知應選C。
  2.如果作主語的是一個短語,則常常考查短語中的修飾語。可數名詞的複數形式前可以用any,some,few,a few,many或用數詞+hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/thousands/millions of,no等修飾;不可數名詞可以受any,some,no,little,a little,much等詞的修飾。例如:
  There were_____students in our school.
  A.hundreds B.eight hundred
  C.eight hundreds of
  There is _____water.You needn't get some more.
  A.few B.little C.much
  解析:由數詞與名詞的搭配關係可知選B,由water可知排除A項,再由後一句意思便知選C。
  3.注意不定代詞的用法。
  不定代詞在句中作主語,謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如:There is nothing in the fridge.
不定代詞受形容詞修飾時要放在形容詞前面。例如:There is something interesting in today's newspaper.
  4.There be句型的反意疑問句,要注意陳述部分的形式。
  如果陳述部分含有little,few,no,nobody,none等否定詞時,後面的簡短問句中要用肯定形式。例如:There is nobody in the room,is there?
  但有的含有否定意義的形容詞修飾不定代詞時則仍看做肯定句式。例如:There is something unusual in the room,isn't there?
  5.要注意句子前後意思的一致性。
  有的句子單獨看其意義時,可能不止一個選項適合於它,但如果聯繫上下句的意思則只能有一個恰當的選項。
  例如:There is _____ food.You needn't buy any.
  A.any B.some C.no
   There is _____ food.You have to buy some.
  A.any B.some C.no
  從這兩題中的第一個句子來看均可選用some和no,但與後面的句意結合看,答案則是唯一的:B;C。
  6.There be句型還有就近一致原則:即be動詞的數應與離它最近的一個主語保持一致。
  例如:用be動詞的適當形式填空
  There ___ an apple and three oranges on the table.
  ___ there three oranges and an apple on the table?
  解析:因為該句中an apple才是與be動詞接近的主語,而並非an apple and three oranges是句子的主語,故而的答案應為is。
  因為該句中three oranges才是與be動詞接近的主語,而並非three oranges and an apple是句子的主語,故而的答案應為Are。
  There be句型命題趨向有兩個方面:一是進一步加強對知識的理解與運用方面的考查。例如be動詞與主語的一致性、名詞或代詞的修飾語、搭配關係、含否定詞的反意疑問句等。二是有可能出現有某人在做某事這一句型,即There be+sb.+doing sth.+地點/時間狀語。另外,還得提醒一下同學們,如果要表達諸如這裡/那裡等這樣的修飾句型,應用Its here/there.而不是Here/there is。
  中考原題
  1.Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.
  It doesn't matter,let's wait for the next.
  A.ground B.floor C.place D.room
  2.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.
  A.was B.will be
  C.will have D.are going to be
  3.There _____ a football game in our school.
  A.has B.will have C.will be
  4.There is going to _____ a report _____ Chinese history in our school this evening.
  A.have;on B.be;on
  C.have;for D.be;of
  5.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.
  A.any B.some C.no
  6.There are _____ days in a week.
  A.the seven B.seventh
  C.the seventh D.seven
  7.There are few _____ in the fridge.Let's go and buy some peas,carrots and cabbages.
  A.vegetables B.fruit
  C.meat D.eggs
  8.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.
  A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl
  9.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.
  A.hundreds B.hundreds of
  C.hundred
  10.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.
  A.many B.a few
  C.much D.few
  參考答案
  15 D B C B C
  610 D A C C C

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