動詞時態語態是高考考查的重點，也是整個英語語言體系中的主幹知識。由於漢語裡動詞沒有時態的變化，因此，學習和掌握英語，就要建立時態「感覺」。不管漢語裡說不說「過去，現在和將來」，使用英語時，動詞的時間背景是什麼，我們要不斷體味。例如：
——Uh, this is your first time to the city, right?
——Yeah. How did you know?
——這是你第一次到城裡來，對嗎？
——沒錯，你怎麼知道的？
回答中「How did you know?」使用的是一般過去時。這樣的表達，用漢語是難以體現的，學習時要特別留心積累。
動詞的時態，在時間上涉及過去、過去將來、現在和將來；在形態上有一般、進行、完成和完成進行，因此，時態總共有十六個。回答動詞時態、語態題目時，要根據題干，捕捉動作的時間背景，這是選準時態的前提和關鍵。
一、判斷時態找時間，不要被「for」「already」和「yet」等詞所迷惑
例如：— Has your father returned from Africa yet?
— Yes, but he___ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia
A. was B. has beenC. will be D. would be
很多同學一看到回答中「…here for only three days」就馬上選了B，用動詞的現在完成時。但是後半句「…before his company sent him to Australia.」中的「sent」顯然就告訴我們這是過去的時間背景，整句話「他在這呆了三天之後就被公司派往了澳大利亞」，這說明他現在不在這裡。因此，本題是不能選擇現在完成時的，應當選擇A。之所以出現這樣的錯誤，是同學們一看到「for」就認為它是現在完成時的標誌。其實，for表示一個時間段，過去、現在和將來都可用。
同樣的道理，遇到副詞already，yet等也要根據句子的語境做具體分析。很多情況下，already，yet都用在了完成時，因為它們會配合語句時間，表達「已經，還……」，例如：
We haven't met our new neighbors yet, so we don't know their names.
但也不要認為一有這些詞就一定選完成時態，例如：
You already told me yesterday that he would not give up another trying.
了解了這一點，你再做一做下面兩個題：
1.I ____in London for many years，but I』ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
2.My cousin went to Canada two years ago.He ____ there for a few months and then went to America.
A.worked B.would work C.would be working D. has been working
二、捕捉時間找「兩處」：即題干給定的時間和已知動詞的時態題干若給出了具體的時間，時態選擇相對明顯；如果沒有，就要留意不設空動詞的時態，它也能給出待選時態的時間背景。
例一：I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ____ there several years ago.
A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been
題干中前半句「know」，一般現在時；後半句出現「several years ago」，明顯的表示過去的時間，所以選擇一般過去時「went」，答案C。本題很多同學都順著中文「去過」而誤選了「D. have been」，是沒有掌握好語句中出現了具體過去時間這一關鍵。
例二：The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She ____ before.
A. hasn't flown B. didn't fly C. hadn't flown D. wasn't flying
題干中前半句「was」，一般過去時；後半句最後出現「before」說明是在過去之過去，前半句的「was」給出了選擇過去完成時的時間背景，因此選擇C。
例三：I got caught in the rain and my suit____.
A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
題干中前半句「got caught」，一般過去時；由and連接後半句沒有出現具體的時間，如果與前半句並列，需要用was ruined，但題項沒有給。一般地說，如果沒有明確的時間，應當默認為現在，因此，要選擇C。意思是「我趕上雨了，衣服全給毀了」。
還需要指出的是，由並列連詞連接的兩個簡單句，時態不一致，這很正常。
又如：I was a college student, but now I am a teacher.我以前是大學生，現在是老師。
例四：–Tom, you didn』t come to the party last night? –I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A. had to B. didn』t C. was going to D. wouldn』t
題乾上句「last night」和下句後半部分「remembered」都提示是過去時間背景，應該選擇「昨天我是打算去」，因此選擇C。
例五：By the time you get back, great changes ______ in this area.
A.will take place B.will be taken place C.are going to take place D.will have taken place
題干「By the time you get back」，是「到你回來時」，這裡因為是時間狀語從句，將來時用一般時代替，因此後半句的時間應當使「將已經」，故選擇D。
動詞時態語態每年必考，同時，在書面表達中，同學們也會遇到判斷時態，將語篇動詞時態表達準確的問題。因此，要格外關注動詞時態語態的練習，並積累好答題方法和典型的錯題。
下面，請你再做5個題目，看看是否掌握了捕捉時態時間的方法
1.——It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. ——Oh, don』t mention it. I _____past your house anyway.
A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come
2.—When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where_____?
A. did you go B. have you gone C. were you D. had you been
3.The house belongs to my aunt but she______ here any more.
A. hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live
4.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane________.
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took of
5.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _____to half a dozen other groups.
A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given
參考答案
一：AA；二：ACDBC
——Uh, this is your first time to the city, right?
——Yeah. How did you know?
——這是你第一次到城裡來，對嗎？
——沒錯，你怎麼知道的？
回答中「How did you know?」使用的是一般過去時。這樣的表達，用漢語是難以體現的，學習時要特別留心積累。
動詞的時態，在時間上涉及過去、過去將來、現在和將來；在形態上有一般、進行、完成和完成進行，因此，時態總共有十六個。回答動詞時態、語態題目時，要根據題干，捕捉動作的時間背景，這是選準時態的前提和關鍵。
一、判斷時態找時間，不要被「for」「already」和「yet」等詞所迷惑
例如：— Has your father returned from Africa yet?
— Yes, but he___ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia
A. was B. has beenC. will be D. would be
很多同學一看到回答中「…here for only three days」就馬上選了B，用動詞的現在完成時。但是後半句「…before his company sent him to Australia.」中的「sent」顯然就告訴我們這是過去的時間背景，整句話「他在這呆了三天之後就被公司派往了澳大利亞」，這說明他現在不在這裡。因此，本題是不能選擇現在完成時的，應當選擇A。之所以出現這樣的錯誤，是同學們一看到「for」就認為它是現在完成時的標誌。其實，for表示一個時間段，過去、現在和將來都可用。
同樣的道理，遇到副詞already，yet等也要根據句子的語境做具體分析。很多情況下，already，yet都用在了完成時，因為它們會配合語句時間，表達「已經，還……」，例如：
We haven't met our new neighbors yet, so we don't know their names.
但也不要認為一有這些詞就一定選完成時態，例如：
You already told me yesterday that he would not give up another trying.
了解了這一點，你再做一做下面兩個題：
1.I ____in London for many years，but I』ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
2.My cousin went to Canada two years ago.He ____ there for a few months and then went to America.
A.worked B.would work C.would be working D. has been working
二、捕捉時間找「兩處」：即題干給定的時間和已知動詞的時態題干若給出了具體的時間，時態選擇相對明顯；如果沒有，就要留意不設空動詞的時態，它也能給出待選時態的時間背景。
例一：I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ____ there several years ago.
A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been
題干中前半句「know」，一般現在時；後半句出現「several years ago」，明顯的表示過去的時間，所以選擇一般過去時「went」，答案C。本題很多同學都順著中文「去過」而誤選了「D. have been」，是沒有掌握好語句中出現了具體過去時間這一關鍵。
例二：The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She ____ before.
A. hasn't flown B. didn't fly C. hadn't flown D. wasn't flying
題干中前半句「was」，一般過去時；後半句最後出現「before」說明是在過去之過去，前半句的「was」給出了選擇過去完成時的時間背景，因此選擇C。
例三：I got caught in the rain and my suit____.
A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
題干中前半句「got caught」，一般過去時；由and連接後半句沒有出現具體的時間，如果與前半句並列，需要用was ruined，但題項沒有給。一般地說，如果沒有明確的時間，應當默認為現在，因此，要選擇C。意思是「我趕上雨了，衣服全給毀了」。
還需要指出的是，由並列連詞連接的兩個簡單句，時態不一致，這很正常。
又如：I was a college student, but now I am a teacher.我以前是大學生，現在是老師。
例四：–Tom, you didn』t come to the party last night? –I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A. had to B. didn』t C. was going to D. wouldn』t
題乾上句「last night」和下句後半部分「remembered」都提示是過去時間背景，應該選擇「昨天我是打算去」，因此選擇C。
例五：By the time you get back, great changes ______ in this area.
A.will take place B.will be taken place C.are going to take place D.will have taken place
題干「By the time you get back」，是「到你回來時」，這裡因為是時間狀語從句，將來時用一般時代替，因此後半句的時間應當使「將已經」，故選擇D。
動詞時態語態每年必考，同時，在書面表達中，同學們也會遇到判斷時態，將語篇動詞時態表達準確的問題。因此，要格外關注動詞時態語態的練習，並積累好答題方法和典型的錯題。
下面，請你再做5個題目，看看是否掌握了捕捉時態時間的方法
1.——It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. ——Oh, don』t mention it. I _____past your house anyway.
A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come
2.—When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where_____?
A. did you go B. have you gone C. were you D. had you been
3.The house belongs to my aunt but she______ here any more.
A. hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live
4.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane________.
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took of
5.I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _____to half a dozen other groups.
A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given
參考答案
一：AA；二：ACDBC
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