江蘇蘇州黃埭中學 劉 晴
蘇州市2014屆高三英語調研測試題單選32題如下：You should be grateful to your employees, because you would be ___you are now without them.
A. why B. how C. where D. which
【解析】答案C。本題考查表語從句，where在從句中作表語。結合本句意思只能選where。這道題的錯誤率很高，很多學生對於where引導從句的用法不是很熟練，為此筆者就where引導的從句作詳細的歸納。where既可引導定語從句也可引導名詞性從句和狀語從句，本文就where引導的三大從句作一個比較和歸納。
一、如何確定where從句的類型
1.如果主句完整，且where引導的整個從句都用來修飾其前面的地點名詞，那就是定語從句；
2.如果主句主幹不完整，如缺少主語、賓語、表語或同位語，那就是名詞性從句；
3.如果where前面沒有表示地點的先行詞，且where引導的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞，此時是地點狀語從句。
判斷下列where 引導的從句屬於什麼類型的從句
(1)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform where visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
(2)If you happen to get lost in the wild, you´d better stay where you are and wait for help.
(3)This is where he was born.
【解析】第1句是定語從句，主句完整，where引導的從句修飾先行詞platform；第2句是地點狀語從句； where引導的從句修飾stay，表示呆在……的地方；第3句是名詞性從句，主句不完整缺少表語，所以是表語從句。
二、where引導定語從句和狀語從句的區別
where引導定語從句和地點狀語從句可從幾個方面進行區別。
1.看where前面有沒有先行詞
若where從句前有其修飾的地點名詞或抽象地點,那麼Where引導的是定語從句。若Where前面沒有表示地點的名詞，那麼Where引導的是地點狀語從句。如：
(1)（2013北京卷）Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.
(2)(2012天津卷)Everything was placed exactly where he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
【解析】第1句是定語從句，其前有修飾的地點名詞national parks；第2句是地點狀語從句，前面沒有表示地點的名詞。注意當先行詞是point, stage, situation, case, position等抽象的地點名詞，且它們在定語從句中作狀語，應由where引導定語從句。
(3)After graduation she reached a point in her career____ she needed to decide what to do.
A. that B.owshot C. which D. where
【答案】D。
2.看where在從句中的作用
關係副詞where在定語從句中代替先行詞作地點狀語。然而從屬連詞where引導地點狀語從句時，修飾主句的謂語動詞（多為不及物Vi）,充當主句謂語的地點狀語成分。如：
(1)（2013全國卷Ⅱ）When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ____I would be staying.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
(2)(2012山東)A number of high buildings have arisen___ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when B.owered C. before D.unhill
【解析】第1題選C。where引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the house，且代替先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語。第2題選B。where引導地點狀語從句，修飾主句的謂語動詞arise，表示「在……的地方」。
3.看where是否能用in/at + which替換
引導定語從句的where可以用 in/on/at + which來替換，但是在地點狀語從句中只能用where，不可以用介詞+which替換。如：
(1)(2013江西卷)He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.
(2)(2000上海卷)She found the calculator where she lost it..
【解析】第1句where引導定語從句修飾先行詞a letter,可用in which替換。第2句where引導地點狀語從句不能用介詞+which來替換
4.看where從句的位置
where引導定語從句時，放在先行詞的後面。在地點狀語從句中，當where修飾主句的謂語動詞時，where從句放句末。但是當表示抽象的條件含義時，where從句放在句首。如:
(1)Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
(2)Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕沒柴燒。
5.where引導定語從句和地點狀語從句的轉換
有時候定語從句可以和地點狀語從句可以互相轉化。Where引導的地點狀語從句=in/at/to the place where引導的定語從句。如：
(1)You』d better make a mark at the place（where you have any questions.）本句where引導定語從句
(2)You´d better make a mark where you have any questions.本句where引導地點狀語從句
三、Where作連接副詞引導名詞性從句
1.連接副詞where引導名詞性從句時在名詞性從句中作地點狀語或者表語，表示「在哪裡」。如：
(1)Where he was born is unknown to us. 主語從句中作地點狀語
(2)(2010全國卷Ⅰ) Have you finished the book? No, I』ve read up to ___children discover the secret cave.
(3)(2010江蘇卷)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.That’s where I don』t agree. You should have a more active life. 表語從句中作地點狀語
(4)We haven』t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
(5)（2007浙江卷）Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?That’s_______ this best jobs are.
A. where B. bowshot C. women D. ewe
[解析]此題選A，表語從句中缺少表語，表示那兒是好工作所在的地方。
2.where引導的名詞性從句和定語從句的轉化
如：This is where he works.表語從句
This is the place where/in which he works.定語從句
通過以上分析我們可以看出，where在不同的句子中充當不同的成分，具有不同的語法功能。在學習中只有細心分析，認真比較，才能理解和掌握where引導的從句。
蘇州市2014屆高三英語調研測試題單選32題如下：You should be grateful to your employees, because you would be ___you are now without them.
A. why B. how C. where D. which
【解析】答案C。本題考查表語從句，where在從句中作表語。結合本句意思只能選where。這道題的錯誤率很高，很多學生對於where引導從句的用法不是很熟練，為此筆者就where引導的從句作詳細的歸納。where既可引導定語從句也可引導名詞性從句和狀語從句，本文就where引導的三大從句作一個比較和歸納。
一、如何確定where從句的類型
1.如果主句完整，且where引導的整個從句都用來修飾其前面的地點名詞，那就是定語從句；
2.如果主句主幹不完整，如缺少主語、賓語、表語或同位語，那就是名詞性從句；
3.如果where前面沒有表示地點的先行詞，且where引導的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞，此時是地點狀語從句。
判斷下列where 引導的從句屬於什麼類型的從句
(1)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform where visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
(2)If you happen to get lost in the wild, you´d better stay where you are and wait for help.
(3)This is where he was born.
【解析】第1句是定語從句，主句完整，where引導的從句修飾先行詞platform；第2句是地點狀語從句； where引導的從句修飾stay，表示呆在……的地方；第3句是名詞性從句，主句不完整缺少表語，所以是表語從句。
二、where引導定語從句和狀語從句的區別
where引導定語從句和地點狀語從句可從幾個方面進行區別。
1.看where前面有沒有先行詞
若where從句前有其修飾的地點名詞或抽象地點,那麼Where引導的是定語從句。若Where前面沒有表示地點的名詞，那麼Where引導的是地點狀語從句。如：
(1)（2013北京卷）Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.
(2)(2012天津卷)Everything was placed exactly where he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
【解析】第1句是定語從句，其前有修飾的地點名詞national parks；第2句是地點狀語從句，前面沒有表示地點的名詞。注意當先行詞是point, stage, situation, case, position等抽象的地點名詞，且它們在定語從句中作狀語，應由where引導定語從句。
(3)After graduation she reached a point in her career____ she needed to decide what to do.
A. that B.owshot C. which D. where
【答案】D。
2.看where在從句中的作用
關係副詞where在定語從句中代替先行詞作地點狀語。然而從屬連詞where引導地點狀語從句時，修飾主句的謂語動詞（多為不及物Vi）,充當主句謂語的地點狀語成分。如：
(1)（2013全國卷Ⅱ）When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ____I would be staying.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
(2)(2012山東)A number of high buildings have arisen___ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when B.owered C. before D.unhill
【解析】第1題選C。where引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the house，且代替先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語。第2題選B。where引導地點狀語從句，修飾主句的謂語動詞arise，表示「在……的地方」。
3.看where是否能用in/at + which替換
引導定語從句的where可以用 in/on/at + which來替換，但是在地點狀語從句中只能用where，不可以用介詞+which替換。如：
(1)(2013江西卷)He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.
(2)(2000上海卷)She found the calculator where she lost it..
【解析】第1句where引導定語從句修飾先行詞a letter,可用in which替換。第2句where引導地點狀語從句不能用介詞+which來替換
4.看where從句的位置
where引導定語從句時，放在先行詞的後面。在地點狀語從句中，當where修飾主句的謂語動詞時，where從句放句末。但是當表示抽象的條件含義時，where從句放在句首。如:
(1)Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
(2)Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕沒柴燒。
5.where引導定語從句和地點狀語從句的轉換
有時候定語從句可以和地點狀語從句可以互相轉化。Where引導的地點狀語從句=in/at/to the place where引導的定語從句。如：
(1)You』d better make a mark at the place（where you have any questions.）本句where引導定語從句
(2)You´d better make a mark where you have any questions.本句where引導地點狀語從句
三、Where作連接副詞引導名詞性從句
1.連接副詞where引導名詞性從句時在名詞性從句中作地點狀語或者表語，表示「在哪裡」。如：
(1)Where he was born is unknown to us. 主語從句中作地點狀語
(2)(2010全國卷Ⅰ) Have you finished the book? No, I』ve read up to ___children discover the secret cave.
(3)(2010江蘇卷)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.That’s where I don』t agree. You should have a more active life. 表語從句中作地點狀語
(4)We haven』t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
(5)（2007浙江卷）Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?That’s_______ this best jobs are.
A. where B. bowshot C. women D. ewe
[解析]此題選A，表語從句中缺少表語，表示那兒是好工作所在的地方。
2.where引導的名詞性從句和定語從句的轉化
如：This is where he works.表語從句
This is the place where/in which he works.定語從句
通過以上分析我們可以看出，where在不同的句子中充當不同的成分，具有不同的語法功能。在學習中只有細心分析，認真比較，才能理解和掌握where引導的從句。
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